Research Proposal

PART – A
PERSONAL INFORMATION

1. Broad Subject: - Physical Education
2. Area of Specialization: - Physical Education
3. Duration: - Two Years
4. Principal Investigator:-
i. Name: - Mehul P. Gandhi
iii. Sex: - Male
iii. Date of Birth:-29/08/1984
Iv. Qualification: - B.P.E, M.P.E, M.Phil
v. Designation: - Lecture in Physical Education
Vi. Address: -
Office: - Ambaba Commerce College & MIBM, Sabargam
Post: Niyol, Ta: Choriyasi, Dist: Surat
Ph. 02622 272981
Website: www.sabargamcollege.org

Residence: - 74, Smit row house,
Opp. Maheshwari Park, Soc., Parvatgam,
Godadara road, Surat-10

5. Name of the Institution where the project will be undertaken:-
Ambaba Commerce College & MIBM, Sabargam
(a) Department: - N.A.
(b) University/College:-
University: - Veer Narmad South Gujarat University,Surat
College: - Ambaba Commerce College & MIBM, Sabargam

6. Whether the University/College/Institution is approved under
Section 2 (f) and 12 (B) of the UGC Act?
- No
7. Teaching and Research Experience of Principal Investigator:-
(a) Teaching Experience: - 4 Years
(b) Research Experience:- N.A.
(c) Year of award of Doctoral degree:- N.A.
(d) Title of Thesis for Doctoral Degree:- N.A.
(e) Publication: - a. No of Paper Published:-N.A.
b. No of Paper Accepted For Publication:- N.A.
c. No of Book Published: - N.A.
d. No of Books under Publication: - N.A.

PART – B
PROPOSED RESEARCH WORK

(i) Project Title:-
Effect of specific training on physical fitness variables and Skill Performance of Volleyball players.

(ii) Introduction:-
Physical education and sports are increasingly becoming major requirements in everyday life. Education and physical education are the two sides of a coin. “Physical education is an essential and integral part of education all over the world. Volleyball is a typical an American game. William. G. Morgan, Physical Director of Holyoke, Massachusetts, invented it in the year 1895. He introduced this game in his gymnasium and he called this game as “Mintonette”.
Canada was the first country after U.S.A. to play volleyball, the game spread from one country to another, mainly through the efforts of Y.M.C.A. which is a world wide organization. Volleyball was introduced in India by the Y.M.C.A. The Y.M.C.A. college of physical education at Chennai, was one of the first institutions to take up volleyball and the students trained at the college have taken the game is played thought the length and breath of the country in schools, colleges, public playgrounds and on a large scale in village and rural areas. The popularity of the game is increasing day by day in almost every state of the Indian union. The Volleyball Federation of India set-up in 1950. The first Indian team selected at the Calcutta in 1952 participated in the world volleyball championship held at Moscow. The game is also very popular in Russia and it ranks first as competitions sports among women.
Fitness is a state which characteristics the degree to which a person is able to function. Fitness is a term synonyms to health in a limited manner. Fitness denotes different factors of health. Fitness is a capacity of the individual to live and function effective purpose fully to meet confidently the problem and crisis, which are life’s expectations.
Physical fitness is a broad term, which literally means a hale and healthy physique. Physical fitness is one aspect of total fitness. The components of physical fitness like strength, muscular endurance speed, flexibility, agility and cardio-vascular endurance are required at minimum level for a man to survive. Optimum level of physical fitness can be obtained by participating in various sports and games.
Statement of the Problem:-
The purpose of the study is to find out the effect of specific training on physical fitness variables and skill performance of volleyball players.
Hypothesis:-
It is hypothesized that the specific training may improve the physical fitness variables and skill performance.
Delimitations:-
The followings are the delimitation of the study:
1. The study was confined to the female students studying in Ambaba Commerce college, Sabargam, Surat, aged between 19 to 25 yrs (N=30) were randomly selected as subjects.
2. The subjects were assigned at random into two groups in which group I had experimental and group II acted as control.
3. The training period for the experimental group was eight weeks.
4. The criterion variables tested were speed, endurance, agility, explosive power and volleyball playing ability
Limitations:-
The study was limited to the following aspects and these limitations were taken into consideration in the interpretation of data and results.
1. The level of motivation of the students was not taken into consideration while involving their performance.
2. The day-to-day activities that might have affected the performance during the test administration were considered as limitations.
3. No effort was made to find out the difference in environmental conditions during pre and post-test; however dry weather prevailed during the tests.
4. The time taken for 50 meter run was measured by hand operation and was rounded to one tenth of a second.
Significance of the Study:-
Physical educationists and sports scientists have been constantly examining sports performance in relation to the individual skill and fitness standards
1. To improve the performance in the game of volleyball the results of the investigation may help to formulate the specific training programme for volleyball players.
2. The results of this study may be used to bring out the effective player among the commerce college students.
3. There may be great significance for those who are involved in research in the area of physical education and volleyball coaching.
4. The study may be useful in developing volleyball skills among commerce college students.
(iii)Review of Related Literature:-
The investigator has gone through the available literature, which is relevant to the present study. The relevant research studies have been presented in this chapter.

National Status:-
Sheela studied to determine the relationship of power, agility, flexibility, muscular endurance and cardio respiratory endurance to measure playing ability in volleyball. Thirty volleyball players of Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education, Gwalior acted as subjects. Power was measured by sergeant jump, and agility by side step test, flexibility by trunk flexion test, muscular endurance by pull ups and bent knee sit-ups and cardio respiratory endurance by one minute lateral jump test. The playing ability was the subjective judgment of a panel of three experts for each subject. Product moment correlation was used to statistically analyse the data. On the basis of the findings of the study the following conclusions were drawn, power was the most significant motor fitness component underlying performance in the game of volleyball. Muscular endurance, cardio respiratory endurance and flexibility also contributed to the volleyball playing ability. Agility showed an insignificant relation to playing ability in volleyball.

Beena Lal conducted a study to assess the relationship between volleyball playing ability and related motor fitness variables (speed, agility, standing broad jump and sergeant jump). The university volleyball players were secured as subjects. The strength of players was sixty (n=60). Volleyball playing ability of the subject was assessed with the help of a panel of three experts. The data obtained in playing ability represent “Y” variable, and the motor fitness variables were represented as “X” variable on the Scattergram. Product moment correlation was employed to find out the relationship of volleyball playing ability and on each of the study it was concluded that for speed and agility. The correlation ‘r’ was of a negative value indicated that lesser the time taken better the performance.

Meera conducted a study to compare the selected general motor ability components i.e. speed, agility, flexibility, muscular endurance, balance, leg strength, arm and shoulder strength and coordination of women basketball and volleyball players. The chosen subjects were women basketball and volleyball players of Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education, Gwalior. Fifteen players in each game were selected and the components were tested on the players. The data collected in all the tests were statistically compared by using‘t’ ratio at .05 level of significant. The analysis showed that the women basketball players were comparatively superior to volleyball player in arm and shoulder strength. But there were no significant differences between the two groups in speed, agility, balance, and leg strength and hand eye coordination.

International Status:-
Gehri et al determine which plyometric technique is best for improving vertical jumping ability, positive energy production and elastic energy utilization data were collected before and after 12 weeks of jump training and were analyzed by ANOVA. Subjects (n=28) performed jump under 3 testing condition, squat jump, condition movement jump and depth jump. The study provides, support for the strength and conditioning training as part of the athlete’s overall programme for improving vertical jumping ability and concentric contractile performance.

Leory made a comparative study of physical fitness level of seventh grade boys before and after planned physical education programme, the testing device was the youth fitness test. Measurement was made on arm and shoulder girdle strength, abdominal strength, speed, agility, flexibility skill and coordination and cardiovascular efficiency. Comparison of the initial and final scores of the seventh students revealed an improvement in each test and each component in physical fitness. It is recommended that more emphasis be given in schools to plan programmes of physical education for a desirable physical development.

Vitale states that basically speed depend on the relationship between the driving forces that provides the movement. To improve speed the positive forces must be increased and the most importance positive factor is strength, strengthening the muscles involved in a particular movement for which speed is desired like other elements, speed of movement is specific, can increase speed rather than general quality training should include development of speed and strength.

Sundaramoorthy conducted a study to find out the effects of isolated and combined weight and plyometric training on selected strength parameters speed and power. Forty five men students studying Master degree in Physical Education at Dr. Sivanthi Adithanar College of Physical Education, Thiruchendur were selected as subjects at random and were divided into three groups, consisting of 15 subjects each. Group I underwent weight training Group II underwent plyometric training, Group III underwent combined weight and plyometric training arm strength, leg strength, explosive strength, strength endurance, speed and elastic power were selected as variables. The dip strength test, leg dynamometer, vertical jump, sit-ups, 50 meters dash and bunny hops were administered to test the above said variables separately. The results of the study indicated that arm strength, leg strength, explosive strength, strength endurance speed and elastic power were improved significantly by weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training programmes. No significant different existed among weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric groups in improving the selected dependent variables. The trend was in favour of combined weight and plyometric training group for explosive strength, strength endurance, speed and elastic power, whereas the trend was in favour of weight training group for arm strength and leg strength.

(iv) Methodology:-

This chapter describes the selection of subjects, selection of variables, selection of tests, reliability of the instruments, reliability of the data, tester’s competency, orientation to the subjects, collection of the data administration of the tests and statistical procedures.

Selection of Subjects:-
To achieve this purpose of the study, thirty female students studying in Ambaba Commerce College, Sabargam, Surat. The age of the subjects were ranged between 19 and 25 years.

Selection of Variables:-
The research scholar reviewed the available books, journals, and magazines and abstracts. The scholar had discussions with his guide and experts in the field following variables were selected to critically evaluate the physical exercises and specific training programme of selected fitness variables and volleyball playing ability.

Selection of Tests:-
Based on the availability of the instruments feasibility and also based on the review, the selected variables were tested by using standardized test items and the following test items were selected for the study and it was presented in Table – I

Table – I

TESTS SELECTION

Sl. No.
Variables
Test Items
1.
Speed
50 meters dash
2.
Explosive Power
Vertical Jump
3.
Agility
Shuttle run
4.
Muscular Endurance
One Minute Sit-ups
5.
Volleyball Playing ability
Russell Lange

Reliability of the Instruments:-
The required instruments such as the stop watches, wall, volleyball court was used for the study were taken from the Department of Physical Education, Ambaba Commerce College, Sabargam, Surat, and above mentioned instruments were in good working condition and they were purchased from the reliable and reputed companies.



Reliability of the Data
The reliability of the data was established by using test and retest method. Ten subjects were randomly selected and they were tested twice under the similar conditions on selected criterion variables.

Testers Competency:-
The researcher has learnt the procedure and method of administering the tests. The researcher was assisted by the colleagues who were working in the Government College of Arts and Science, Sabargam, Surat. They had a number of practice session in order to familiarize the testing procedures.

Orientation to the Subjects:-
Prior to the administration of the test, the purpose of the study and the testing procedures were explained in detail to the subjects to ensure proper understanding effective cooperation and to obtain the reliable data.

Collection of the Data:-
The data were collected on performance related variables such as speed, explosive power, agility, muscular endurance and volleyball playing ability were measured by using 50 meters dash, vertical jump, shuttle run, sit-ups and Russell Launch volleyball test respectively.

Training Programme:-
Training was given for eight weeks, five days per week, on each day 2 sessions of 1 hour each was given as in the following table. In drawing out a practice plan it is advised to follow an eye line practice plan. It needs a lot of consideration.

Statistical Procedures:-
The random group design was used as experimental design. They were divided into two equal groups of fifteen subjects each. Group I underwent specific training programme on development of selected fitness variables and volleyball skill performance for five days per week for eight weeks and group II acted as control. The selected subjects were tested on selected criterion variables at prior to and immediately after the training programme and were statistically examined for significant difference, if any by applying ANCOVA. In all the case .05 level of confidence was used to test their significance, which was, consider as an appropriate.


(v) Budget:-
Proposed Budget

1. Books and Journals : Rs. 15,000=00
2. Equipment : Rs. 15,000=00
3. Field work and travel : Rs. 20,000=00
4. Contingency
(Including special needs) : Rs. 8,000=00
Total : Rs. 58,000=00

(vi)References:-

Books
Authors Guide, Kunzru Committee Report, New Delhi: Ministry of Education, Government of India, 1964.

Bucher, Charles A. and William E. Prentice, Fitness for College and Schools, St. Louis: Times Mirror Mastery College Press, 1985.

Clarke and Clarke, Application of Measurement of Physical Education, Saint Louis: Mosby Year Book Inc., 1989.

Clarke, H. Harrison and David H. Clarke, Developmental and Adopted Physical Education, 2nd Ed., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1978.

Eckert, Helene M. Practical Measurement of Physical Performance, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger Publishing Company Ltd., 1974.

Fleishmen, E. A. The Structure and Measurement of Physical Fitness, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1964.

Frost, Reuben B. Psychological Concepts applied to Physical Education and Coaching, New Delhi: Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc., 1971.

Getchell, Bud Physical Fitness: A Way of Life, New York: Willey and Sons Inc., 1979.

Hooks, Gena, Weight Training in Athletics and Physical Education, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1974.

Jackson, Gordon Fitness and Exercise, London: Neiseman Education Book, 1986.

Jenson, Clanyne R. and Gordon W. Schultz, Applied Kinesiology, New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1970.

Johnson, Barry L. and Jack K. Nelson, Practical Measurement for Evaluation in Physical Education, Delhi: Surjeet Publications 1988.

Johnson, Michael, Interval Training, Philadelphia: W.B Saunders Company, 1974.

Shaver, Larry G. Essentials of Exercise Physiology, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,: Prentice Hall Inc., 1975.

Shultz, Evelyn Movement Experience for Children, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

Tagore, Rabindranath as cited by O.P. Dhiman, Foundation of Education, Delhi: Atmarmand Sons, 1987.

Vital, Frank Individualized Fitness Programmes, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1983.

Journals

Barry Lovelace, Training for Volleyball –See Dramatic Results with Sport Specific Training – http.//ezinearticles.com

Bater, Barry T. “The Relationship of Performance on Lateral Change at Direction Agility Test”, Completed Research, May 1972.

Burger, Troy “Complex Training Compared to a Combined Weight Training and Plyometric Training Programme”, M.S. Thesis Abstract, Microform Publication Bulletin, 1999.

Clarke, H. Harrison “Physical Fitness are Programme of America Youth”, Physical Fitness News Letters, VIII, May 1961.

Conroy, T.R. “Plyometric Training and Its Effects on Speed, Strength and Power of Inter Collegiate Athletes”, M.Ed., Thesis-Abstract, Microform Publication Bulletin, 1992.

Gehri Danial J. et al, “A Comparison of Plyometric Training Techniques for Improving Vertical Jump Ability and Energy Production”, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 12, (2), 1998.

Halcomb, William R. et al, “The Effectiveness of a Modified Plyometric Programme on Power and Vertical Jump”, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research¸10:2, 1996.

Hannessay, L.C. and A.W. Watson, “The Interference Effect of Training for Strength ad Endurance Simultaneously”, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 8:1, (February 1994).

Hopps, Christina Clark “Women can Benefit from Weight Training Programme”, Journal of Physical Education Programme, September 1983.

Jennet, W. Clair “Am Investigation of Test Agility”, Research Quarterly, April 1971.

Leory, Cofied, “Comparison of the Physical Fitness Level of Seventh Grade Boys Before and After a Planned Physical Education Programme”, Completed Research on Health Physical Education and Recreation, 20, December 1971.

Luebbers, Paul E. and Jeffrey A. Potteiger, “Effects of Plyometric Training and Recovery on Vertical Jump Performance and Anaerobic Power”, The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17:4, 2003.

Marrow, James R. “The Importance of Strength, Speed and Body Size for Team Success in Women’s Inter Collegiate Volleyball”, Research Quarterly, 50, October 1979.

Miller, Augustus T. “The Effects of Plyometric Training on the Vertical Jump Performance of Adult Female Subjects”, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 16:2, June 1982.

Robertson, K.M. et al, “Strength Training Improves Strength in Female Volleyball Players”, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33:5, 2001.

Silva et al, “Strength Training Effect are Lost Six Months of Detraining”, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33:5, 2001.

Vaezi, Mark, “Contributing Variable to Depth Jumping Performance”, M.S. Thesis, Abstract Microform Publication Bulletin, 2000.

Wagner, D.R. and M.S. Koack, “A Multivariate Approach to Assessing Anaerobic Power Following a Plyometric Training Programme”, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 11:4, 1997.

Unpublished Dissertations

Chauha, Meera, “Comparison of Selected General Motor Ability Components between Women Basketball and Volleyball Players”, Unpublished Master Thesis, Jiwaji University, 1984.

Joseph, V.K. “Relationship of Power, Agility, Flexibility and Measurement of Selected Body segment to Volleyball Playing Ability”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 1983.

Lal, Beena “Assessment of Motor Fitness Component to Volleyball Playing Ability”, Unpublished Master Degree Thesis, University of Madras, May 1990.

Sridhar, Sheela, “Relationship of Selected Motor Fitness Components to Playing Ability in Volleyball”, Unpublished Masters Thesis, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 1984.

Sundaramoorthy, V. “Effects of Isolated and Combined Weight and Plyometric Training on Selected Strength Parameters, Speed and Power”, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Alagappa University, (1999).